P7.1 IT tools to produce management information.
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Databases- all types of information systems use databases as a key
element it is one of the first parts made when creating an information system.
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A data model is a way of laying out information, it describes all the
information that is stored EG what the information means and how it all relates
to the rest of the information this system can be on a computer or on paper.
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A database this where all the information from the system is stored ever
on a hard drive or on a server they usually come with an index to help speed up
the proses of finding information this is very important on larger system.
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An example of a database and data model is within a supermarket where
they need to find out information about fruit; the system finds the fruit the
user is looking for then tell them how much stock they have and them what the
prise will be.
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Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems - AI or artificial
intelligence is a way of making work easier by having computer do the work.
These systems have a set of changeable rules that effect how the AI system
works to try and simulate the same actions of expert employee .using the
example from before with the fruit. The system will be monitoring the stocks of
the fruit and changing the costs of the stock as it changes. such as if they
have a large amount of fruit then the system will lower the prices to more
people will buy them, on the other hand if the store has a low supply of fruit
then the system will make the prices higher all by its self.
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Predictive Modelling- this is an important part of every information
system. It helps companies and organizations to predict what will happen in the
future. The way the system dose this is to take old data say over the last 10
years, it looks at things such as the prices of the fruit in the store and how
much it has changed by in this time. It them take this information and create a
estimation of how this prices will be over the next 10 years. Most companies
and organizations use this system to predict the
profits for the next years to do this the system also take other values into
effect such as taking on more staff on buying more stores
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Internet-one of the best ways to improve an information system is to
make it accessible from the internet it can ever be accessed by all the general
public such as Wikipedia or it can be closed off and only for people within the
organisation. This type of system is then protected by user ID’s and passwords.
some of benefits of using an online information system are that its
removes a lot of the main problems that a
organizations will face when operating their own network, it also recesses work
hours on development as the staff can use a lot of the pre-existing tools
already on the internet. The main way organisation use the internet is with
online shopping such as amazon or eBay where all the sales take place online. The
information such as prices and stocks are then stored on their online databases.
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Data Mining Systems-this is a tool used in an information system to identify
patterns with in the information such as commonly sold stock in stores or
groups of customers. The tool can identify all sorts of patterns but is most valued
and used to find information that is harder for the organisation to find or
they haven’t found. The good example of this is with in stores where the business
have to total numbers of sales in a day
and the total numbers of customers a day the problem with this is it does not
tell the organisation what the people are
buying and what’s selling the most. A problem with this is that some people may
only low value products with means that the average value of sales will be
lower .
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